Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that can cause various diseases, for example, gastritis, peptic ulcer (gastric and duodenal), gastric adenocarcinoma and low-grade gastric lymphoma.
How is the H. pylori bacteria transmitted?
Some forms of transmission have not yet been clarified, but there are others already confirmed in the scientific literature. Transmission occurs mainly from person to person and includes direct contact with salivasuch as kissing or sharing utensils, and the consumption of food or water contaminated with feces containing H. pyloricommon in areas with inadequate sanitation.
The bacteria can survive on surfaces or objects for some time, and these in contact with the mouth constitute another route of transmission. THE infection It is more prevalent in developing countries with poor hygiene and basic sanitation conditions.
What are the symptoms of H. pylori infection?
H. pylori can be asymptomatic for many years. When they are present in the human body, they are generally located in the gastrointestinal tract, causing symptoms such as:
- Nausea and vomiting;
- Discomfort or burning in the upper abdomen;
- Reduced appetite;
- Fatigue;
- Progressive weight loss;
- Presence of blood in the stool.
What can H. pylori bacteria cause if not treated properly?
The infection can cause erosive gastrite and even gastric ulcer. In the long term, the risk of developing stomach cancer increases.
H. pylori tem cura?
Yes, there is a cure. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria in conjunction with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)which reduce gastric acidity. After completing treatment, an examination may be performed to confirm the elimination of H. pylori.
Dr. Alexandre Piva, infectious disease specialist and professor of medicine at the Universidade Cidade de S. Paulo (UNICID)
